linux挂载新硬盘 fdisk / parted
Linux的硬盘识别:
一般使用”fdisk -l”命令可以列出系统中当前连接的硬盘
设备和分区信息.新硬盘没有分区信息,则只显示硬盘大小信息.
1.关闭服务器加上新硬盘
2.启动服务器,以root用户登录
3.查看硬盘信息
#fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 146.1 GB, 146163105792 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 17769 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 14 5112 40957717+ 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 5113 5243 1052257+ 82 Linux swap /
Solaris
/dev/sda4 5244 17769 100615095 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 5244 17769 100615063+ 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 291.3 GB, 291331192320 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 17769 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk /dev/sdb1: 291.3 GB, 291331192320 bytes
4.创建新硬盘分区
fdisk可以用m命令来看fdisk命令的内部命令;
a:命令指定启动分区;
d:命令删除一个存在的分区;
l:命令显示分区ID号的列表;
m:查看fdisk命令帮助;
n:命令创建一个新分区;
p:命令显示分区列表;
t:命令修改分区的类型ID号;
w:命令是将对分区表的修改存盘让它发生作用。
进入磁盘,对磁盘进行分区
#fdisk /dev/sdb
Command (m for help):n
Command action
e extended //输入e为创建扩展分区
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partion number(1-4):1
注:在这里输入l,就进入划分逻辑分区阶段了;
First cylinder (51-125, default 51): 注:这个就是分区的Start 值;这里最好直接按回车,如果您输入了一个非默认的数字,会造成空间浪费;
Using default value 51
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (51-125, default 125): +200M 注:这个是定义分区大小的,+200M 就是大小为200M ;当然您也可以根据p提示的单位cylinder的大小来算,然后来指定 End的数值。回头看看是怎么算的;还是用+200M这个办法来添加,这样能直观一点。如果您想添加一个10G左右大小的分区,请输入 +10000M ;
Command (m for help): w
最后输入w回车保存。
查看一下:
fdisk -l
可以看到/dev/sdb1分区
5.格式化分区:
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
注:将/dev/sdb1格式化为ext3类型
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (4096 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 注:在这里直接回车;
done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 26 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
这样就格式化好了,我们就可以用mount 加载这个分区,然后使用这个文件系统;
6.创建/data1目录:
mkdir /data1
7.挂载分区:
mount /dev/sdb1 /data1
8.配置开机自动挂载
因为mount挂载在重启服务器后会失效,所以需要将分区信息写到/etc/fstab文件中让它永久挂载:
/etc/fstab
加入:
/dev/sdb1(磁盘分区) /data1(挂载目录) ext4(文件格式) defaults 0 0
/dev/sdb1 /data1 ext4 defaults 0 0
9.重启系统
#################################
当超过2T的硬盘不可以用fdisk来进行分区,必须得用parted.
[root@csc-document dev]# parted /dev/sdb
GNU Parted 1.8.1
Using /dev/sdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) mkpart
Partition type? primary/logical? primary #创建主分区
File system type? [ext2]? ext3
Start? 1050G
End? 2247G
(parted) q
Information: Don't forget to update /etc/fstab, if necessary.
(parted) print
Model: DELL PERC 6/i (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 2247GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 17.4kB 1049GB 1049GB ext3
2 1050GB 2247GB 1197GB ext3 ora
接着对其进行格式化:
[root@csc-document dev]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb2
创建目录:
[root@csc-document /]# mkdir ora
挂载到ora目录下:
[root@csc-document /]# mount -t ext3 /dev/sdb2 /ora
[root@csc-document /]# vi /etc/fstab
LABEL=/ / ext3 defaults 1 1
LABEL=/opt1 /opt ext3 defaults 1 2
LABEL=/boot /boot ext3 defaults 1 2
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
LABEL=SWAP-sda3 swap swap defaults 0 0
/dev/sdb2 /ora ext3 defaults 0 0
<<<<<<关于创建扩展分区并滑划分逻辑卷部分
(parted) print
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 32.2GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 32.3kB 10.0GB 10.0GB primary ext3
3 15.0GB 20.0GB 4985MB primary ext3
(parted) mkpart
Partition type? primary/extended? extended
Start? 20G
End? 30G
(parted) print
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 32.2GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 32.3kB 10.0GB 10.0GB primary ext3
3 15.0GB 20.0GB 4985MB primary ext3
2 20.0GB 30.0GB 9994MB extended lba
(parted) mkpart
Partition type? primary/logical? logical
File system type? [ext2]? ext3
Start? 20G
End? 25G
(parted) print
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 32.2GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 32.3kB 10.0GB 10.0GB primary ext3
3 15.0GB 20.0GB 4985MB primary ext3
2 20.0GB 30.0GB 9994MB extended lba
5 20.0GB 25.0GB 4993MB logical ext3
OK!至此完成!
Linux的硬盘识别:
一般使用”fdisk -l”命令可以列出系统中当前连接的硬盘
设备和分区信息.新硬盘没有分区信息,则只显示硬盘大小信息.
1.关闭服务器加上新硬盘
2.启动服务器,以root用户登录
3.查看硬盘信息
#fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 146.1 GB, 146163105792 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 17769 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 14 5112 40957717+ 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 5113 5243 1052257+ 82 Linux swap /
Solaris
/dev/sda4 5244 17769 100615095 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 5244 17769 100615063+ 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 291.3 GB, 291331192320 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 17769 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk /dev/sdb1: 291.3 GB, 291331192320 bytes
4.创建新硬盘分区
fdisk可以用m命令来看fdisk命令的内部命令;
a:命令指定启动分区;
d:命令删除一个存在的分区;
l:命令显示分区ID号的列表;
m:查看fdisk命令帮助;
n:命令创建一个新分区;
p:命令显示分区列表;
t:命令修改分区的类型ID号;
w:命令是将对分区表的修改存盘让它发生作用。
进入磁盘,对磁盘进行分区
#fdisk /dev/sdb
Command (m for help):n
Command action
e extended //输入e为创建扩展分区
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partion number(1-4):1
注:在这里输入l,就进入划分逻辑分区阶段了;
First cylinder (51-125, default 51): 注:这个就是分区的Start 值;这里最好直接按回车,如果您输入了一个非默认的数字,会造成空间浪费;
Using default value 51
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (51-125, default 125): +200M 注:这个是定义分区大小的,+200M 就是大小为200M ;当然您也可以根据p提示的单位cylinder的大小来算,然后来指定 End的数值。回头看看是怎么算的;还是用+200M这个办法来添加,这样能直观一点。如果您想添加一个10G左右大小的分区,请输入 +10000M ;
Command (m for help): w
最后输入w回车保存。
查看一下:
fdisk -l
可以看到/dev/sdb1分区
5.格式化分区:
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
注:将/dev/sdb1格式化为ext3类型
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (4096 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 注:在这里直接回车;
done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 26 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
这样就格式化好了,我们就可以用mount 加载这个分区,然后使用这个文件系统;
6.创建/data1目录:
mkdir /data1
7.挂载分区:
mount /dev/sdb1 /data1
8.配置开机自动挂载
因为mount挂载在重启服务器后会失效,所以需要将分区信息写到/etc/fstab文件中让它永久挂载:
/etc/fstab
加入:
/dev/sdb1(磁盘分区) /data1(挂载目录) ext4(文件格式) defaults 0 0
/dev/sdb1 /data1 ext4 defaults 0 0
9.重启系统
#################################
当超过2T的硬盘不可以用fdisk来进行分区,必须得用parted.
[root@csc-document dev]# parted /dev/sdb
GNU Parted 1.8.1
Using /dev/sdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) mkpart
Partition type? primary/logical? primary #创建主分区
File system type? [ext2]? ext3
Start? 1050G
End? 2247G
(parted) q
Information: Don't forget to update /etc/fstab, if necessary.
(parted) print
Model: DELL PERC 6/i (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 2247GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 17.4kB 1049GB 1049GB ext3
2 1050GB 2247GB 1197GB ext3 ora
接着对其进行格式化:
[root@csc-document dev]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb2
创建目录:
[root@csc-document /]# mkdir ora
挂载到ora目录下:
[root@csc-document /]# mount -t ext3 /dev/sdb2 /ora
[root@csc-document /]# vi /etc/fstab
LABEL=/ / ext3 defaults 1 1
LABEL=/opt1 /opt ext3 defaults 1 2
LABEL=/boot /boot ext3 defaults 1 2
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
LABEL=SWAP-sda3 swap swap defaults 0 0
/dev/sdb2 /ora ext3 defaults 0 0
<<<<<<关于创建扩展分区并滑划分逻辑卷部分
(parted) print
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 32.2GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 32.3kB 10.0GB 10.0GB primary ext3
3 15.0GB 20.0GB 4985MB primary ext3
(parted) mkpart
Partition type? primary/extended? extended
Start? 20G
End? 30G
(parted) print
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 32.2GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 32.3kB 10.0GB 10.0GB primary ext3
3 15.0GB 20.0GB 4985MB primary ext3
2 20.0GB 30.0GB 9994MB extended lba
(parted) mkpart
Partition type? primary/logical? logical
File system type? [ext2]? ext3
Start? 20G
End? 25G
(parted) print
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 32.2GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 32.3kB 10.0GB 10.0GB primary ext3
3 15.0GB 20.0GB 4985MB primary ext3
2 20.0GB 30.0GB 9994MB extended lba
5 20.0GB 25.0GB 4993MB logical ext3
OK!至此完成!